These controversies concerning the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs might be due to the ways that OCBs are calculated. During the literature, OCBs have generally been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to recognize the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4