Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis. the disease with the highest economic loss for the broiler industry. However. studies focusing on the prevalence and population structure of APEC in the broiler production pyramid are scarce. https://www.spidertattooz.com/Essie-Gel-Cause-Reflect-0-5-oz-736G-p22291/